Understanding Biz Credit Cards

Here is a special bonus for our readers; the Credit Union Guy gets real about Business Credit Cards with Erica Sandberg of CreditCards.com.

College Students Using a Credit Card

The best way to use a credit card is only for emergencies. A blown transmission is a good example. Not everyone has $2,000 to fix it when it goes. But that transmission is an integral part of your car and your car is an integral part of your economic development; i.e. it gets you to class and to work on time. So fixing that transmission quickly and being able to pay it off over time may be very important for many students.

This brings me to my second point beyond emergencies, use your card to only purchase assets; not liabilities. The transmission is an asset to your car. Liabilities? Vacations are a liability. When you pay for a vacation on a card, you are only deferring the costs. After the vacation, you only have memories. Pizzas, movies, concerts, fancy dinners, fashionable splashy clothes and such are drags on our monthly budgets if we decide to place them on our card. These things have virtually no value after we pay for them and have the experience of the movie etc. You want to go to a concert or a movie? Save your money for it. Make it a special part of your budget. Paying for it with saved money is much more satisfying.

Use the card to purchase assets. Your school books are an asset to your education. If you use your card to buy household items, use it for furniture like a couch. Then you are buying an asset for your house. Then, when you sit on that couch and write out your checks for your bills, you are sitting on your asset. J (A little banker humor.) But, think about it, if you suddenly fall on hard times, you can sell that couch and pay down your card. You can’t sell the memory of a concert or the taste of a meal from three months ago.

Also, whenever one uses their credit card, consider how you will pay it off before you charge it!

Here are some other ideas fresh from my blog:

1. When establishing your first credit, consider using a secured credit card; a card where you have to make a deposit in a savings account in order to establish and maintain the card. The money on deposit is your collateral for the credit. You now have an additional incentive besides maintaining our credit to be on time with your payments; your own money is at stake. Meriwest Credit Union offers this type of Secured Visa Card. Info on our Secured Visa Card is here.

2. Another secured type of credit option is the credit union share account loan. Most credit unions have this. You make a deposit to an account and then take a loan out against the funds in the account. As you pay it back on time, your CU lets the credit bureau know and it helps get you get established in managing credit. Secured Share Account Loan info is available here.

3. When you get your first credit card, do not celebrate. There are those who like to go out and get a quick pizza or a movie when their new credit card arrives. A new credit card is not a good excuse to go out to spend and celebrate.

4. Avoid gas cards issued by Shell, Chevron, and other oil companies. Those who are new to credit are often unaware that gas purchases on oil company cards have to be repaid monthly. Only repairs and major purchases, (tires, transmissions, etc.) can be paid over time.

5. Check your credit report annually at AnnualCreditReport.com to verify your current outstanding credit and prevent identity theft. Do you see a card on your report you didn’t order or apply for? If you are reviewing your report annually, you can take action fast and stop identity theft.

6. It seems simplistic, have a budget and plan your spending. A good budget can keep you from using your credit cards to supplement your monthly budget and help you pay off the debt you already have. 

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Our next Free Financial Education Workshop will take place Dec. 11th at our Main Office. 

Credit Myths and Repair
6:30pm to 7:30pm
5615 Chesbro Ave
San Jose CA 95123

Please RSVP with Greg Meyer at gmeyer@meriwest.com or 408-365-6328

Should I close a Credit Card? Will that hurt my credit score?

A question I hear often is, “Should I close out old credit cards that I don’t use anymore?” Is that a good idea? First we will talk about why closing a credit card may not ever be a good idea and then we can look at some reasons to close out a credit card.

Closing credit cards should never be taken lightly. Closing a card removes that available balance from our overall available credit. Removing these available balances by closing the cards can reduce our FICO/Credit score. 30% of your score is based upon the ratio of used vs. available credit. Reduce the ratio and reduce your FICO score.

Example: A person has $20,000 in available lines of credit and has $5,000 charged up. They are using 25% of their available credit; a 1:4 ratio of used credit to available credit. Then they close a credit card with a $5,000 available balance. This decrease in their available credit, from $20k to $15k, increases the percentage of credit they are using to 33% and takes them to a lower and less desirable 1:3 ratio in credit usage. This will lower their FICO Score.

Closing cards can be a big deal if consumer credit cards are your only form of credit. If you have other types of credit, a mortgage or car loan for example and have other credit cards, closing one card may not be a big deal. But if one has a thin or minimal credit file, it could be detrimental.Also, the history of your card usage will drop from the report after 18 months and it will no longer be a factor in your FICO score. Ouch!

Why close a card? Fees. Some cards have instituted annual fees; one must pay an annual fee just to possess the card. These annual fees can range from $25 to $100 depending on the card and its features (rewards, vacation insurance, travel services, etc.). If the fee is too much for you to afford or you just won’t pay it on principle, then it might be time to look for a new card to replace this one or close it altogether.

Interest rates can be an issue for people who carry balances. An increase in the APR of 3%, say from 15% to 18%, can cost a cardholder an extra $150 over a year on a $5,000 credit card balance. If the APR is a concern, I would recommend finding a lower rate replacement. Credit card issuers will often offer reduced rates for balance transfers. This may be an opportunity to transfer the balance to a new card with a lower rate and close the old card.

The card has been stolen or compromised by an identity thief. Good reason to close it. Often your card issuer will offer to replace the card with an entirely new account, transferring your balance to the new account.

Sometimes people get tired of making payments and are simply through with debt. They will cancel their cards to prevent further accumulation of debt. If you are ending your relationship with debt, that may be a good reason to close a card or two. That being said, keep one general purpose card such as a Visa or Master Card open for emergencies. Go to McDonalds once every six months and buy yourself a Happy Meal for lunch. Pay that bill at the end of the month and your card will remain active. Do this every six months to keep that card active. You never know when you will need it! 

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Our next Financial Education workshop will be taking place at our Sunnyvale Financial Center at 563 E. El Camino Real in Sunnyvale, next to Togo's Sandwiches. To attend, please RSVP with Greg Meyer at gmeyer@meriwest.com or 408-365-6328.

Credit Myths and Repair - Learn how to access your credit report from all three credit bureaus and your credit score for free. How do inquiries effect your score? What happens to your credit after you pay a collection? Have a late payment? Get a divorce?

6:30PM - 7:30PM on Oct. 23rd 

Sunnyvale Financial Center

Meriwest Credit Union

CAR SALE!!!

 November 9th and 10th at the Meriwest Credit Union Main Office 

5615 Chesbro Ave, San Jose CA 95123

Come to see our wide selection of late model, gently used cars offered at bargain prices by our MCU approved dealers.

5 Things New College Grads Should Know About Money and Credit

 

Let’s start with five things every new college graduate should know about money and credit. We will end with a few words of advice for new grads facing an uncertain economic future.

1. Everyday, more and more employers are now looking at credit reports as a condition of employment. If you are responsible with your personal credit, you will likely be a responsible employee. Manage your credit well and enjoy the low rates and easy availability of money good credit management brings. You will want this when you buy a car or a new home.

2. Review your credit report annually! Reviewing your report annually for free at AnnualCreditReport.com can keep you abreast of your personal credit situation and help you spot Identity Theft.

3. Paying Bills: Very simple, your utilities need to be paid on time just like your credit card bills. Sure, you can let your light or water bill float for a couple of months and paying them 30 or 60 days late won’t count against you. As a matter of fact, you have 89 days to make your payment and have your account reinstated. However, if you wait to that 90^th day, you are now delinquent. Your water, light, or phone bill amount will now be placed in collection and exist as a negative item on your credit report for seven years whether you pay it or not. (Paid collections remain on our credit reports for the balance of the seven years after payment as a reminder to others that you were irresponsible once or twice or repeatedly depending on how many collections one has.)

4. Social Security: Social Security will exist in a very different format for these Gen Y students. They need to be self dependent and plan for their retirement early. No one will do it for them. In my workshops, I often ask who wants to retire with a million dollars in their retirement account. Of course, multiple hands go up. The point: When your employer offers you a 401k, pension, or any other type of “qualified” retirement plan, simply say “YES!” Start contributing to the retirement account. Put in at least 6%. You won’t miss it, you will save a few dollars on your taxes, and you will be pleasantly surprised when you get your retirement account statements and see it growing. This is especially gratifying if your employer matches your contribution or provides pension plan contributions from profit sharing.

5. Social Media: Restrict your personal information that is shared over the internet. Too many young adults share too much as it is and do not take proper advantage of privacy controls in websites like Facebook. If you don’t want your next potential employer to see your spring break photos of drunken debauchery in Palm Springs or Palm Beach, tighten up your privacy controls, Dude!

I think following these five ideas can save you from living in your Mom’s basement forever.

In my work with recent college students and grads, one of their greatest fears is that they will never own a house. Recent grads are facing a difficult time in some areas with the homes they may want to buy being priced out of site for them due to the current demand. Don’t worry. The average age of a first time homebuyer is 30 years old. Most people I know did not buy a home until they were well into their 30’s. There is no rush to buy a home despite the increases in overall prices. You have time to save your money. You have time to evaluate where you want to live and whether a house or condo would be best for you. You have time to gauge the economy and pick your best time to buy.

I have noticed it and it has been expressed to me by some students, the financial markets are too volatile. Why would they want to put their money into the stock market? They fear the return of the great recession. When I was 21 in 1981 there was a recession on and it was pretty serious. Interest prime rates had risen over 20%. No one could get a decent interest rate to buy a home. Unemployment was 8% and rose to 10% over the next two years. In the early 80’s, we had many of the same fears today’s grads suffer.

What happened? Eventually, markets went into recovery. Unemployment was under 6% by 1988. The stock market doubled, tripled, and eventually grew to 14 times its size by the present day. This didn’t happen in a nice even fashion. It took a market crash in 1988 (22% drop in the Dow in just one day!) and three recessions in 1992, 2000, and 2008 to get here. Financial markets are cyclic and, historically, have always recovered and surpassed previous high water marks. 

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A History of FICO Scores Part II

In the 1950’s, someone asked the question, how can we judge someone’s credit without having to read the entire credit report?

You see, not only was time an issue, reading the reports and making judgments based on the information in them became an issue. You could have two loan underwriters look at the exact same loan package and come up with wildly different opinions on a person’s credit. Some would give their approval of the loan and others denied the credit. There was no set of rules that told underwriters how to decipher and utilize the information they were gleaning from credit reports. It was all just “someone’s opinion,” very subjective.

Thousands of new borrowers were being approved daily and lenders needed a way to mitigate or gauge risk and develop a national standard for credit worthiness. In 1956, a company named Fair Isaac Company came out with a revolutionary idea; Credit Scores, also knows as FICO Scores.

How does the scoring work? FICO takes several important financial factors into account. The two most critical factors are the borrower’s payments and the balances they maintain. These items make up 65% of the score; 35% for the payment history and 30% for the balance ratio. That’s why a late payment has such a serious effect on our score. Collections are worse for us and our scores. The effect of a late payment on a loan or credit card will start to diminish after 24 months. If one has an open collection, the collection will have the same weight on their score on the last day of seven years as it did on the first day it was placed on the person’s report. The lesson here is very simple, make your payments on time and you will never have to deal with late payment issues or collections.

Balances play a role in our score if we don’t pay them down. 30% of your score is determined by the balances a person is carrying vs. how much they have available. Maintaining outstanding credit card balances by paying only the minimum payment can be very detrimental to your score. We have to make an effort to pay our outstanding balances off. For scoring purposes, the balances are added together and a ratio is calculated vs. the total amount of credit available.

The three remaining factors are our History. How long have we managed credit? That accounts for 15% of our score.

Finally, 10% each is allocated to the types of credit we manage and the number of inquiries made on our report annually.

With this data put into a computer algorithm, a number could be determined. That number would be an indicator of risk. A high number would indicate less risk is involved in lending to a person where, conversely, a low number would indicate a lower likelihood of repayment. This also led us to “FICO Score Lenders;” lenders that only grant credit based upon a predetermined level of score.

What is a “FICO Score Lender?” Typically, our major banks are using the FICO score as the primary determining factor in making their initial credit decisions. Let’s say a financial institution has 300 offices in California. On any given day, each office might send a loan application to their loan underwriting department. The underwriters, the staff who decide credit decisions, might number a dozen but receive 300 applications in one day. Prior to 1956, they would have to view each credit report to make a decision. Now, they enter the social security number of the applicant and the credit bureau gives them a number. If today’s number is 740, then any applicant with a FICO Score of 740 or above will get a further review of their loan package. The borrowers with a FICO Score of 739 or less are declined for credit as they did not make the score. Not only does the FICO Score help us determine risk, it helps lenders render faster credit decisions. Often, we can approve someone based on their credit within 24 hours.

Some may ask if using a score like this is fair. The FICO Score is basically colorblind. Credit is ultimately granted to those who have proven they can manage it well. It is typically declined for those who manage it poorly. Over the years, the score has been adjusted down for times when credit was loosened and adjusted upwards for times when we had to tighten up on the use of credit. Today, most financial institutions are looking for borrowers with a FICO Score of 740.

Are credit unions just like banks on FICO Scores? Not necessarily, credit unions generally take a more holistic approach to lending; meaning they tend to take a look at the “whole borrower,” not just their credit score. Before a credit union renders a credit decision on someone, we will take into account how long this person has been on the job? How long have they have lived in the area? How long have they been a CU member? Of course, a CU will consider their income and debt to income ratios before we provide our final decision. What this means is, if a borrower comes in with a FICO Score at 739, or 735, we don’t automatically decline their loan request. We take a wider look at our borrower to determine their creditworthiness.

Can banks help their clients with loans just like credit unions do? Sure they can, but they don’t! They will tell you they don’t have the time. It takes to much time to make decisions on marginal credit applications. Time is money and we need that money to show a profit to our shareholders.

I used to work for a bank that called itself the “Largest Financial Services Provider in the World.” One of my bosses once said to me, “We need to make profit. If we don’t make a profit, we might as well be a credit union.” As if there is something wrong with that?

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Thank you. I hope you enjoyed our history of FICO scores. If you want to learn more about credit, please attend our next Credit Myths Workshop this Wednesday the 24^th at our Monta Loma Financial Center in Mountain View: 580 North Rengstorff Ave, Mountain View CA.

To RSVP for this workshop, click this link.

Credit Myths and Credit Repair

Credit Myths and Repair    April 24th at 6pm   Monta Loma Financial Center

Learn how collections, credit inquiries, and late payments effect your credit score. What is a FICO score? You will learn how to access your credit report and your credit score for free. Learn from the experts.

A History of FICO Scores and Why We use them - Part One

We have spent a lot of print on what goes into creating your FICO score. We know who FICO is, Fair Isaac Company, and they invented the score. We have learned the five factors that go into it; Payments, Balances, History, Inquiries, and Types of Credit and how each of these factors are weighted. We have learned how FICO scores are affected by debt and collections. What we have not covered is why FICO exists at all. Why do we need FICO Scores?

Back in the day, we used your entire report, read it page by page, to learn how you manage your credit. We would check your collections, payment histories, and other data in making a lending decision. It took time to make loan decision. It was not like today where lending decisions can be made instantaneously online or within 24 hours of receipt of the application. Often, two or three people would have to review a loan file before it could be approved. That all changed with the advent of the FICO Score in the 1950’s.

Okay, so FICO saves us time in getting loan approvals. How did it come about?

In the 1860’s, a few regional credit bureaus started to crop up. They maintained lists of people or businesses that used credit and kept a record of their credit volume and payment histories. This allowed merchants to give credit to their customers without having to have a personal relationship with them as had been customary in the past.

In 1898, the first national credit bureau opened its doors. The Retail Credit Company, later to be known as Equifax, was born in Atlanta. For $25, merchants could get a list or “Merchant’s Guide” that listed those who were known to have good credit habits and would be a good credit risk. For many years, the Retail Credit Company (Equifax) would be the only game in town, and in the USA for that matter, where financial institutions and other lenders could gather information to judge risk when lending.

In 1900, the first versions of a credit card were issued. “Proprietary Cards” were issued by oil companies and department stores to good customers. This allowed these customers to purchase goods and pay them back at a later date. The cards were only accepted at the issuing store. While modern credit cards are issued for consumer convenience, “Proprietary Cards” were issued as a means of stimulating customer loyalty.

What about the other two credit bureaus? Where did they originate? In 1866, UTLX started doing business. They were a manufacturer of tank cars to be pulled by trains. Later, they started their own credit bureau and were known as TransUnion. In  1901, the Cleveland Cap and Screw Company was founded and that was later to became known as TRW and, eventually, the Experian Credit Bureau we know today. These companies, TransUnion and Experian, started tracking consumer credit usage in the 1960’s.

Between World War II and the advent of the other two credit bureaus in the late 1960’s, there was an explosion in credit! Prior to WWII most lending was local; merchants provided credit to local families or businesses. Many loans were made on the basis of bank references and personal recommendations. During this time, the ability to check someone’s credit on a nationwide basis had not been established.

As G.I.’s returned home after the war, the job market expanded and the demand for consumer products and home purchases grew dramatically. Loan volumes grew and financial institutions hired large numbers of loan processors and loan underwriters. As volumes grew, processing times got longer and customer patience was shorter.  

Finally, someone asked the question, how can we judge someone’s credit without having to read the entire credit report?

Check out Part II of our History of FICO Scores coming in next week!

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Workshops!

This month's Financial Education Workshops are taking place at our Monta Loma Financial Center in Mountain View: 580 North Rengstorff Ave, Mountain View CA. Please RSVP for either of these workshops at this link.

Auto Financing 101       April 17th at 6pm    Monta Loma Financial Center

Learn what insiders know about the auto buying process. What tricks do dealers use to get you to buy? Is my interest rate negotiable? How do I get the best deal on a purchase and financing? Meet our Personal Auto Shopping Service Manager, Bill Fultz who has 25 years of experience at car dealerships and now shares his knowledge with our members. 

Credit Myths and Repair    April 24th at 6pm   Monta Loma Financial Center

Learn how collections, credit inquiries, and late payments effect your credit score. What is a FICO score? You will learn how to access your credit report and your credit score for free.

Managing Holiday Credit Card Debt

Imagine yourself at a department store. You are approaching the check out. How are you going to pay for this purchase? Are you using your debit card because you planned your holiday spending? Or are you using your credit cards because your only plan is to spend and eventually pay it back?

When it comes down to holiday spending, we have a choice.

Choice #1: We can go into the holidays financially blind and spend to our heart’s content and put our heads in the sand and deal with it in the New Year. This is the way a lot of people approach the holidays and they pay for it monetarily and emotionally. Not only that, but their credit scores take a hit as their credit card balances rise. Their monthly costs go up because the minimum payments on their cards increase due to larger balances. This reduces their spending power until they pay off some of that holiday debt!

Choice #2: Go into the holidays with a spending plan that let’s you buy thoughtful gifts for your family and friends but does not allow you to break the bank. That is really the best course of action. A plan is always better than winging it and winging it with money is never a good idea. To make this action effective, you have to save before the holidays come. Set up an automatic transfer from your checking to a savings account.

Next year in January, you may want to open a “Christmas or Holiday Club” account for your holiday savings if your bank or credit union still offers that. The old club accounts had money automatically transferred from your checking account and was cashed in before the holidays and paid out to the accountholder to pay for gifts. Lacking a “Christmas Club” type of account? Open a savings especially for your holiday spending and set up an automatic transfer from your checking account each month. The automatic transfer happens without any action on your part. Just remember to enter it in your check register or monitor your online banking so you don’t overdraw your checking. When the holidays are here, draw the funds from your savings and spend it to your heart’s content.

If you must use credit to pay for your gift giving, let’s consider some things that might save us some money. Let’s assume you plan to pay this newly incurred balance off in six months. How much do you plan to spend on gifts? That’s the starting point. Take that amount and divide it by six and add that to your current monthly payment on that card. Can you afford that payment monthly for the next six months? Then you may have the right amount to spend on gifts. Is it too high? You need to adjust your spending plan, not your time horizon for pay off! Remember, extending the pay off time for any balance adds more interest to your debt. Paying interest is like renting money. Who benefits when you pay interest? Certainly not me or you. The bank does! If this sounds like a good idea, you use way too much credit and need an intervention!

But, if you really like making that monthly payment and the cost is no object for you, then you might be more inclined to take Choice #1.

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Our next financial education workshop will be “Real World Budgets for Teens” and will be presented at our Chesbro Main Office on January 16^th at 6:30pm. Real World Budgets takes a teen and their parents thru a post college simulation of managing money, a job, and the payments that come with independence. I hope you can join us.

Please RSVP with Greg Meyer at gmeyer@meriwest.com or 408-365-6328.

Click here for a list of all of our financial education offerings.

Check us out on Facebook! WWW.Facebook.com/MeriwestCreditUnion

Moving and Credit

There are some things that can happen to our credit when we move and it can be very troubling. Lost or misplaced statements may mean missed bills. On utilities it is not so bad as we typically have a couple of months to pay our cable or water bill. However, our credit runs on a 30 day cycle and missing a payment on a Visa card can hurt our FICO score pretty dramatically. There are some tips below for getting your mail forwarded properly.

  

When we move, we buy a new home and may go to multiple lenders to access a loan at good terms or we may have multiple inquiries for rental housing. Typically, those multiple inquiries from home lenders will be treated as one inquiry for our scoring. They will appear as multiple inquiries on our credit report and will remain there for two years but only have an effect on our score for one year. Inquiries comprise only about 10% of our total FICO score.

Another thing we do when we move is close accounts. A bank may be a regional bank, but its Visa or Mastercard is accepted worldwide. There is seldom a need to close a VISA or M/C unless the terms are unfavorable. Closing these cards reduces one’s credit score and your borrowing capacity; sometimes eliminating years of experience from a record. Be selective and careful when considering closing a credit card. Consider closing a card if a card has a small line of credit or is related to a regional or specialty store that is not available in your new town.

Clean up your old records before you move. This is a good time to shred old records and prevent ID thieves from getting their hands on them.

Here are some mail forwarding tips:

Before you move:

1. File your forwarding address with the post office at least two weeks before you move. Not only does this get your bills and statements sent on to your new home it prevents identity theft. Old statements in a mailbox are like candy to an ID thief. The post office will mail a letter to your old address to verify this change.
2.  While you are at the post office, get a change of address kit from them. Sit down at home that night and send a change of address to every company that sends you a statement or a bill. Some statements only come quarterly so be sure to check. Make sure you have the effective date of your move correctly entered. With some bills, creditors and financial institutions, you may be able to change your address online or over the phone. Note on your list who you called and to whom you sent a notice.
3. During your move: Ask a neighbor, landlord, or friend to check your mailbox to ensure the forwarding and address changes went thru and pick up any mail that does not get forwarded.
4. After your move: Contact the new tenants or homeowners and provide them with you contact data in case any of your mail fails to get forwarded in the future. 

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Our next financial workshops are:
Oct. 17th  - 6:30pm
Real World Budgets for Teens and College Students
Sunnyvale Financial Center at Fair Oaks and El Camino Real in Sunnyvale. 
RSVP with Gmeyer@meriwest.com


Oct. 24th  - 6:30pm
Credit Myths and Repair
Sunnyvale Financial Center at Fair Oaks and El Camino Real in Sunnyvale. 
RSVP with Gmeyer@meriwest.com